Everything You Need to Know About Cornish Chicken Breed

The Cornish chicken originally known as the Indian Game was first developed around 1820 by Sir Walter Gilbert in England. He crossed the Red Aseel with the Black Breasted Red Game of the Lord Derby type aiming to combine the strength of the Aseel with the speed of the English Game creating a superior fighting bird. Over time the breed evolved and by 1886 the term Indian Game was used for crosses between English Games and Malay chickens resembling the modern Sumatra. The Cornish chicken was soon recognized for its robust build and fine texture especially in its white meat.

While many might confuse the Cornish game hen with the breed itself it is actually a USDA approved term for a young immature broiler chicken a cross between Cornish and White Plymouth Rock. These birds weighing no more than two pounds (900 g) are commonly served as a meal.

Over the years the breed has become popular for its fast growing nature making it an ideal choice for self sustaining populations on homesteads where chickens are bred for meat. As a homesteader, I’ve found the Cornish breed to be perfect for laying hatching chicks and culling after just 8 weeks making it an efficient source of fresh meat.

Cornish Chicken in History

The Cornish chicken breed was first developed around 1820 by Sir Walter Gilbert in England. He created this breed by crossing two different types of chickens: the Red Aseel known for its strength and the Black Breasted Red Game a type of English Game bird. His goal was to combine the power and endurance of the Aseel with the speed and agility of the English Game bird making it a superior fighting bird.

Over time the breed evolved and became known as the Indian Game chicken a name that remained in use for many years. By 1886 any chickens that were crosses between English Games and Malay chickens were also called Indian Game. These chickens closely resembled the modern Sumatra breed.

As the breed continued to develop its characteristics became more defined especially its strong build and white meat. The Cornish chicken became well known for its large proportion of white meat which is tender and of fine texture. This made it very popular as a meat bird. By 1893 the Cornish chicken was officially recognized by the American Poultry Association (APA).

Today the Cornish chicken is highly regarded for its fast growing nature making it an excellent choice for people looking to raise chickens for meat. It is often used in crossbreeding with other chickens like the White Plymouth Rock to produce Cornish game hens, a popular dish. These birds are typically harvested while still young and small weighing around two pounds (900 grams) and are known for their tender meat.

Characteristics of Cornish Chickens

Physical Traits

The Cornish chicken is a standard-sized breed known for its muscular body and large widely spaced legs. It has a broad shape with deep-set eyes, projecting brows, and a slightly curved beak giving it a strong and somewhat stern expression. These birds are impressive in appearance with short feathers closely held to their bodies. Despite their seemingly slimmer look due to chic iridescent feathers they are quite heavy. This heritage breed, originating in Cornwall England is known for its unique characteristics.

Feathering and Climate Needs

Cornish chickens require adequate protection in cold weather because their minimal feathers do not provide much insulation. Similarly, breeds like Sapphire Splash chickens while hardier also benefit from additional care in extreme climates, especially during colder months.

Temperament and Behavior

The males of Cornish chickens can be pugnacious, while the females are often broody and protective mothers. However, their short feathers make them less capable of covering many eggs. Sapphire Splash chickens in contrast are known for their calmer demeanor making them easier to handle for backyard keepers.

Space and Activity Requirements

Cornish chickens are active and need ample space to exercise and develop their muscles. This is similar to Sapphire Splash chickens which also thrive with plenty of room to move around. Providing enough space ensures both breeds remain healthy and energetic.

Egg-Laying and Utility

While Cornish chickens are not the best layers of eggs, they make lovely pets, especially due to their yellow skin and shank color. Sapphire Splash chickens, on the other hand, are dependable egg-layers and bring a vibrant touch to any flock with their striking appearance.

Standard Weights

The Cornish chicken is known for its meaty and sturdy build with distinct weight ranges for different types. A cock can weigh up to 10.5 lbs, while the hen typically weighs around 8 lbs. Cockerels and pullets are a bit lighter with weights around 8.5 lbs and 6.5 lbs respectively.

In terms of height hens stand around 18-20 inches while the roosters may reach up to 22 inches. Interestingly the hens often outweigh their hubbies. Overall the Cornish breed remains a sturdy meaty bird with roosters falling within the 8-10.5 lbs weight range and hens in the 6-9.5 lbs range.

Egg Shell Color of Cornish Chickens 

Cornish chickens lay small to medium pale brown eggs. While the eggs are tasty and great for everyday use they may not be ideal for a keen baker who needs a large and frequent supply of eggs. The bounty of fresh eggs from Cornish hens can be appreciated but the prizes may not come in the size or quantity some might expect. Whether you enjoy them for cooking or baking the medium brown shells add a charming touch to your kitchen.

Egg Production in Cornish Chickens 

When it comes to egg production, Cornish chickens are not the best layers around but they still manage to produce around 160 to 180 eggs a year. These birds are more known for their role as a meat bird pulling their weight in that department. According to a survey of poultry mad owners most said their Cornish hens typically lay about 3 to 4 eggs per week though around 10% of respondents reported 5 eggs per week.

While they might not be top-tier layers they certainly have their moments and are better at laying than some might give them credit for. Their frequency of egg-laying makes them reliable for small backyard flocks even if they’re heavier birds compared to other layers.

 5 interesting facts about Cornish chickens

• Cornish chickens are known for their meat quality and are one of the most consumed poultry breeds in the world.
• They are larger in size which helps in providing tender meat.
• Cornish hens are typically sold as young birds around 4-6 weeks old when they are slaughtered.
• While Cornish chickens are friendly they are not very affectionate and don’t show much affection.
• This breed is famous as a heritage meat bird naturally growing and being used for both home and commercial purposes.

Is Cornish Hen the Same as a Cornish Chicken?

A Cornish chicken is a large bird raised primarily for meat purposes while the term Cornish Hen refers to a dish rather than a breed. Although Cornish hens are technically just young Cornish chickens or Cornish-Cross chickens they are specifically chosen for their tender and lean meat.

These birds are slaughtered when they are young to be served whole as a delicate savory dish. It’s important to note that when people refer to a Cornish Hen they’re talking about a dish made from a young bird not the mature Cornish chicken that’s raised for meat production.

While both hens and roosters can be part of the Cornish chicken breed the confusion often arises because the Cornish Hen is not about the breed itself but about the preparation and serving of the bird as a delicacy.

What is Indian Game Chicken?

The Indian Game Chicken is the original name for the Cornish chicken breed. While the name Cornish chicken is more commonly used today in some countries the breed is still referred to by its maiden names such as Cornish Indian Game or Cornish Game.

Essentially the Indian Game Chicken and the Cornish chicken are the same bird but over time the breed has been known by various names adding a bit of history and variety to its legacy.

Why are Cornish Chickens Called Indian Game Chicken?

The Cornish chicken breed was originally known as Indian Game Chickens but don’t let the name fool you these chickens aren’t from India nor are they game chickens! The breed was first developed in Cornwall England primarily as a dual-purpose breed. However it wasn’t for the typical combination of meat and eggs.

Instead it was bred for meat and fighting but they didn’t have much interest in fighting or winning scraps. Over time the focus shifted and breeding became more about meat purposes but the old name “game” still stuck around making the whole situation a bit baffling in the chicken world. Even though the name might be misleading, Cornish chickens have become an important breed for meat production.

What’s a Cornish-Cross Chicken?

A Cornish-Cross chicken is a hybrid breed created by crossing the Cornish chicken with the Plymouth White chicken. This cross combines the size of the Cornish chicken with the speed of growth of the Plymouth White chicken resulting in a bird that grows quickly and efficiently.

While the Cornish chicken itself was slow to grow and had a yellow skin tone, the Cornish-Cross was bred for commercial meat production. It’s a fast-growing white-skinned chicken known for being an excellent meat bird commonly used in the poultry industry due to its size and ability to produce meat efficiently.

What is Cornish Hen?

A Cornish hen is not a breed of chicken but rather a dish made from a young chicken. It is typically slaughtered at 4-6 weeks old weighing no more than 32 ounces with a tender and lean breast. This makes it a healthier choice compared to standard chicken as it is lower in calories. A Cornish hen is usually served whole similar to a European poussin or spring chicken which is typically around 3-4 weeks old and weighs between 16-24 ounces.

In both the UK and the US a Cornish hen could refer to a young roo or hen but in the US it doesn’t technically have to be a Cornish or even a hen. The only requirement is that it be a young chicken often plump enough to satiate an empty stomach and please the palate much like veal is to beef or lamb is to mutton.

Is Cornish Hen a young Cornish Chicken?

Cornish Hen also known as Rock Cornish Game Hen refers to a young Cornish-cross chicken that has been slaughtered at a certain age. These birds are usually much younger than a mature Cornish chicken and are known for their tender white skin. While heritage Cornish chickens grow at a slower pace Cornish-cross chickens are bred specifically to grow faster making them the preferred choice for Cornish Hen dishes.

The reason Cornish Hen is considered different from an adult Cornish chicken lies in their age. Cornish-cross chickens are typically slaughtered at a younger age making them smaller and more tender compared to their older counterparts. This has made them very popular for cooking as they are known to be plump juicy and cook quickly.

What is Traditional Cornish Hen?

A Traditional Cornish Hen refers to a female Cornish Chicken of any age. However, it’s often marketed as a young chicken which is what usually gets boasted about on packaging and labels. The label will often indicate the chicken’s age and quality as that’s what helps it sell better. Essentially, it’s what you see written on the tin or label a quick reference to its authenticity and type.

Are Cornish Chickens Friendly? 

Cornish chickens are generally calm, docile, and happy to be handled regularly making them lovely pets for those who are familiar with caring for chickens. While they enjoy being handled they aren’t overly sociable with other fellow fowl preferring to maintain their place in the pecking order.

This means that though they are relaxed in many situations they won’t hesitate to scrap over food or space if needed. This behavior comes from their fighter instincts as they were originally bred to fight. However they are not the aggressive “angry birds” you might imagine. Instead they are more likely to avoid a fight unless forced to defend their territory.

Despite their fighter streak Cornish chickens are relatively happy and calm when not provoked and many owners find them to be great companions in the yard. However their strong instinct to maintain dominance means they can be a bit territorial. This is something to consider if you’re introducing new fellow fowl into their space.

Can You Get Cornish Chicken Bantams?

Yes you can find Bantam Cornish chickens which are a smaller version of the regular Cornish chicken. These pint sized poultry are much smaller in size making them perfect for those who may not have the space for regular sized chickens. Bantam Cornish chicken roosters typically weigh around 60 oz while the hens are even lighter at 36 oz.

Despite their smaller size they still carry the same robust traits as their full sized relatives although they are not used for Cornish hen meat due to their size. These diddy versions are great for those looking for a more manageable chicken breed that still has the Cornish characteristics.

What do Cornish Chickens Look Like?

Cornish chickens are beefy birds with a strong stocky build. Despite their solid frame their close knit feathers give them a slimmer appearance. They have well spaced legs making them look balanced and sturdy.

With a wide chest and a short neck they present a unique compact look. These physical traits contribute to their powerful and muscular appearance making them easily recognizable.

Are Cornish Chicken Hens Broody?

Cornish Chicken hens can indeed get broody but they face certain challenges. Their body shape and close knit feathers make it difficult for them to create the coziest nursery for their clutch. While they do their best to nurture the eggs they often don’t hatch as many as other breeds because of their less fluffy feathers. Despite this mamas do stay dedicated to their eggs.

What Are The Different Variations of Cornish Chickens?

In the US there are 12 recognized varieties of Cornish chickens as recognized by organizations like the American Poultry Association (APA) and the Bantam Association (ABA). These varieties include different colors and patterns such as:

• Black
• Blue
• Blue-Laced Red
• Buff
• Columbian
• Dark
• Jubilee
• Mottled
• Silver Laced
• Spangled
• White
• White-Laced Red

Each variety has its own unique features making them popular in both commercial farming and ornamental poultry breeding. Many people are also drawn to the bantam versions of these varieties. Though smaller in size they share the same characteristics as their full sized counterparts. Whether you’re seeking a specific color or interested in their overall temperament the variety of Cornish chickens offers many options for poultry enthusiasts.

Are Cornish Chickens Suitable for Beginners?

Cornish chickens are lovely pets and a great choice for those who want to raise heritage breeds. However they may not be the easiest for someone new to poultry keeping. These chickens require more space and cleaning than some other breeds. Additionally they need proper community care when housed with other breeds.

If you’re planning to have a Cornish only flock a few hens and one rooster can be manageable. But for beginners other breeds might be more suitable as they tend to be easier to care for.

That being said if you’re up for the challenge, Cornish chickens are a fab choice especially for those with some experience. They are hardy and have great pros for dedicated owners making them a good fit for those who are ready to handle their specific needs.

Are Cornish Chickens Cold Hardy?

Cornish chickens are not the best when it comes to handling cold weather. Their sleek flat feathers might look slimming but they offer little to no insulation. While they can survive in colder conditions they need all their energy to stay warm.

Unfortunately they don’t lay down fat or lay eggs in these conditions making them less efficient from a production point of view. However English strains tend to be a bit more cold hardy compared to their American strains. So, if you’re planning on raising them in a cold climate don’t expect them to enjoy a skiing holiday!

Can Cornish Chickens Tolerate Heat? 

Cornish chickens can be tricky when it comes to handling heat. They don’t tolerate extreme temperatures very well and are happiest in a more temperate environment. In hotter climates they will need extra care and shade to keep them comfortable. While they can survive in warmer conditions keeping them in a cooler shaded area will help them stay healthy and stress-free.

Are Cornish Chickens Noisy?

Cornish chickens are not particularly noisy compared to other breeds. They do make their presence known but they don’t tend to engage in much backchat. These birds are relatively calm and reserved, making them a good option for those who prefer quieter chickens. While they might make some sounds like any other breed they won’t disturb the peace with constant clucking or loud noises.

Do Cornish Chickens Have Health Issues?

Cornish chickens are generally healthy but like many heavier meat breeds they can face certain health challenges. One of the most common issues is obesity which can lead to foot issues and leg issues due to the extra weight. To avoid this it’s essential that they have plenty of room to roam as exercise helps prevent these problems. Without sufficient space they are at risk of becoming overweight which affects their overall health and mobility.

Additionally Cornish chickens can be susceptible to parasites although this is not necessarily a breed specific problem. Regular monitoring and prevention are key to keeping them in good shape. I highly recommend performing a Hen Health Check as part of your routine care. It can help you identify any issues early and address them before they become serious. 

Cornish Chicken Housing Requirements

Cornish chickens require sturdy and spacious housing to thrive. Their stocky build means they need ample room to move around as overcrowding can lead to stress and health issues. Provide at least 4–5 square feet of coop space per bird ensuring there’s proper ventilation to maintain a healthy environment.

These chickens aren’t natural high flyers,so roosts should be kept low to the ground to prevent injuries. The coop should have wide pop-hole doors to accommodate their broad frames comfortably. Additionally a clean dry bedding area is essential to keep them warm and healthy especially in cooler climates. Regular cleaning and maintenance of their housing will ensure happy healthy birds!

How Long Do Cornish Chickens Live For?

Cornish Chickens typically live for 5 – 8 years, but they can live longer if they are cared for well. Their lifespan can be influenced by several factors such as the environment and overall health. With the right knowledge and care issues that could shorten their life can often be prevented allowing them to live a healthier and longer life. However without proper care they may not live as long as expected.

Are Cornish Chickens Hard to Care For?

Cornish chickens are generally easy to care for and they are definitely easy to love. They don’t tend to be fussy feeders which means you won’t face high feed bills and they grow quicker than many laying birds. However they do need the right hotel facilities to stay healthy. For example, providing low roost bars ensures they can dismount without injuring themselves and they should have pop-hole doors wide enough for their curvy gals to squeeze through easily.

These birds are easy to handle and don’t require much more than basic care. However they don’t mix well with bossy birds so it’s important to match them with coop-troops that accept them as the boss. One downside is that Cornish chickens can be a bit mucky requiring extra attention for cleaning up after them compared to other breeds. For tips on the best coop and care practices Chickenpedia is a great resource.

FAQs

1.What breeds make a Cornish chicken?

Cornish chickens are primarily bred from Indian Game chickens and other traditional heritage breeds to create a strong meaty bird. They are valued for their unique combination of hardiness and exceptional meat quality.

2.How to eat Cornish hen?

Cornish hens are best enjoyed roasted grilled or baked often seasoned with herbs and spices for flavor. Their small size makes them perfect for individual servings paired with vegetables or a side dish.

3.What is the main use of the Cornish chicken?

The main use of Cornish chickens is as a meat bird prized for their tender flavorful meat. They are widely used in commercial poultry production and home cooking for their high quality yield.

4.Are Cornish hens male or female?

Cornish hens can be either male or female but the term typically refers to young chickens harvested at a small size. They are valued for their tender meat and individual serving portions.

5.Is Cornish hen a baby chicken?

No, a Cornish hen is not a baby chicken but a young chicken typically 4–6 weeks old raised for its small size and tender meat. Despite its name it is fully matured when processed.

Should I Get Cornish Chickens?